The tibialis posterior is the deepest out of the four muscles. Attachments: Originates from the posterior surface of the fibula and attaches to the plantar surface of the phalanx of the great toe.The flexor hallucis longus muscle is located laterally within the posterior compartment (this is slightly counter-intuitive, as it is the opposite side to the great toe). Actions: Flexion of the lateral four toes.Attachments: Originates from the medial surface of the tibia and attaches to the plantar surfaces of the lateral four digits.The flexor digitorum longus is a thin muscle and is located medially within the posterior leg. This ‘unlocks’ the knee joint so that flexion can occur. Actions: Lateral rotation of the femur relative to the tibia.It inserts onto the proximal tibia, immediately above the origin of the soleus muscle. Attachments: Originates from the lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral meniscus of the knee joint.There is a bursa (fluid filled sac) that lies between the popliteal tendon and the posterior surface of the knee joint – it is called the popliteus bursa. The popliteus is located behind the knee joint, forming the base of the popliteal fossa. The remaining three muscles (tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus) act on the ankle and foot. One muscle, the popliteus, acts only on the knee joint. There are four muscles in the deep compartment of the posterior leg. Actions: Contributes to plantarflexion at the ankle joint and flexion at the knee joint.It blends with the calcaneal tendon and inserts onto the calcaneus. The fibres condense into a tendon which travels down the leg, between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Attachments: Originates from the lateral supracondylar line of the femur.The plantaris is a small muscle which is absent in approximately 10% of the population. Actions: Plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle joint.The muscle converges with the fibres of the gastrocnemius to form the calcaneal tendon, which inserts onto the calcaneus. Attachments: Originates from the soleal line of the tibia and proximal fibula.It gets its name from its resemblance to a sole – a flat fish. The soleus is a flat muscle located underneath the gastrocnemius. Actions: Plantarflexion at the ankle joint and flexion at the knee joint.Distally, the muscle belly converges with the soleus muscle to form the calcaneal tendon.The two heads combine to form a single muscle belly.The medial head originates from the medial femoral condyle. The lateral head originates from the lateral femoral condyle.It has medial and lateral heads and forms the characteristic “calf” shape of the leg. The gastrocnemius is the most superficial of all the muscles in the posterior leg. Deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon – lies between the tendon and the calcaneus.Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa – lies between the skin and the calcaneal tendon.To minimise friction during movement, there are two bursae (fluid filled sacs) associated with the calcaneal tendon: They all insert onto the calcaneus (heel bone) of the foot, via the calcaneal tendon. There are three muscles within the superficial compartment of the posterior leg.
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